Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNs) are super active agents acting on human cells.

Reactive oxygen species capture the hydrogen atom from the pentose of DNA and make it form a free radical with unpaired electrons at C4, which in turn β- Broken chain at position. DNA damaged by oxidation may break, mutate and change its thermal stability, which seriously affects the normal transcription and translation of genetic information. At the same time, reactive oxygen species will act on proteins, such as directly hydrolyzing collagen peptide chains or making peptide chains from collagen α- A direct fracture at a carbon atom.